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Astragaloside-IV can enhance SIRT1 and Nrf2 activity, boost cellular antioxidant capacity, reduce hyperglycemia-induced ferroptosis, and protect retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells from damage, offering a potential therapeutic strategy for DR (Tang et al., 2022)

GLD-3 and control of the mitosis/meiosis decision in the germline of Caenorhabditis elegans

The myelin sheath protects the axon from damage and provides electrical insulation for efficient signal transmission, essential for healthy central nervous system functioning

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2APB: 2-aminoethoxydipenyl-borate APAP: acetaminophen DAMPs: damage-associated molecular patterns DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide GSH: glutathione LDH: lactate dehydrogenase LPO: lipid peroxidation MPTP: mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore NAC: N -acetylcysteine NK: natural killer NNT: nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase P-JNK: phosphorylation of c-jun N-terminal kinase PUFAs: polyunsaturated fatty acids ROS: reactive oxygen species SEC: sinusoidal endothelial cell HJ: Conceptualization, Writingoriginal draft, Writingreview & editing