Enhances brain-derived neurotrophic factor pathways, supporting neuronal growth, dendritic spine formation, long-term potentiation, and synaptic plasticity necessary for memory consolidation and cognitive function
Exclusion criteria in studies typically include Wilson's disease, copper allergy, and pregnancy due to insufficient data in those populations
However, due to the relatively large size of scFv fragments (27 kDa), avimers (4 kDa) and peptides (850 Da for WYRGRL) are preferred for constructing targeted DMOADs
Persistent or severe headaches warrant discontinuation and medical evaluation
Any significant changes in symptoms such as increased fatigue, yellowing of eyes or skin, abdominal pain, or unexplained bruising should prompt immediate medical consultation rather than self-treatment with supplements