Its biological activity spans tissue repair, cytoprotection, and modulation of nitric oxide signaling
Vitamin C (present in Triple C, an excellent, synergistic trio of ascorbic acid, calcium ascorbate and ascorbic palmitate) and vitamin B1 or thiamine (present in Benfotiamine, a highly-available source of thiamine) are particularly subject to deliquescence : by dint of opening the container every day, they partially dissolve on exposure to humidity
[Google Scholar] Allen J, Bradley RD
Artichoke leaf extract (Cynara scolymus) reduces plasma cholesterol in otherwise healthy hypercholesterolemic adults: a randomized, double blind placebo controlled trial
This mechanism is largely route-independent at the cellular level, which is why it is invoked for both topical and injectable use but a shared mechanism does not by itself prove that either route produces a visible skin outcome